be动词后面加什么词性的词语 be 动词后面加什么? 什么叫be动词
be动词后接成分详解
be动词(am, is, are, was, were等)在英语中主要有两种功能:系动词和助动词。根据不同的用法,其后接成分有所不同:
一、作为系动词(表语结构)
be动词作系动词时,需接表语,用于描述主语的性质、情形或身份。常见的表语成分包括:
-
名词或代词
- 例:He is a student.(名词作表语)
- 例:The winner is me.(代词作表语)
-
形容词
- 例:She is happy.(形容词作表语)
- 例:The weather was cold.(形容词作表语)
-
介词短语或副词
- 例:The book is on the table.(介词短语作表语)
- 例:He is here.(副词作表语)
-
动词非谓语形式
- 不定式(表示责任、规划等):
例:Her duty is to protect the children.(不定式作表语) - 动名词:
例:Seeing is believing.(动名词作表语) - 分词:
例:The door is closed.(过去分词表情形)
- 不定式(表示责任、规划等):
二、作为助动词(构成时态或被动语态)
-
构成进行时态(be + 现在分词)
- 例:They are playing basketball.(现在进行时)
- 例:He was reading when I called.(过去进行时)
-
构成被动语态(be + 过去分词)
- 一般现在时:The room is cleaned daily.
- 过去完成时:The project had been finished.
- 将来时:The letter will be sent tomorrow.
-
独特被动结构
- 进行时的被动语态(be + being + 过去分词):
例:The house is being painted now. - 情态动词被动语态(情态动词 + be + 过去分词):
例:This problem must be solved.
- 进行时的被动语态(be + being + 过去分词):
三、其他独特用法
-
固定搭配(be + 形容词 + 不定式)
- 表示规划或责任:
例:We are to meet at the station.(规划)
例:You are not to smoke here.(禁止)
- 表示规划或责任:
-
祈使句
- 例:Be quiet!(肯定祈使句)
- 例:Don’t be late!(否定祈使句)
-
虚拟语气
- 例:If I were you, I would accept the offer.(虚拟条件句)
be动词后接成分需根据其功能判断:
- 系动词后接表语(名词、形容词、介词短语等);
- 助动词后接分词或被动结构;
- 独特用法需结合语境领会(如不定式表规划、虚拟语气等)。
时态和人称变化制度:
- 一般现在时:Iam / Heis / Theyare;
- 一般过去时:Iwas / Theywere;
- 被动语态需注意时态一致性(如is done / was done)